Hafnium oxide (HfO²) nanoparticles are noted for their exceptional dielectric, optical, and catalytic properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis methods, physical and chemical properties, and diverse applications of HfO² nanoparticles. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with their use and outlines future research directions. 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview of Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles...