Dysprosium oxide (Dy²O³) nanoparticles are gaining attention due to their unique magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, physical and chemical properties, and diverse applications of Dy²O³ nanoparticles. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with their use and future research directions. 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview of Dysprosium Oxide...