Overview of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles 1. Structure and Phases: Bismuth oxide exists in several polymorphic forms, including alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) phases. The beta-phase (β-Bi²O³) is particularly notable for its interesting properties. β-Bi²O³ is a high-temperature phase and is characterized by its cubic fluorite-type structure. This phase is stable at temperatures above...