Title: Niobium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Emerging Applications Abstract: Niobium oxide nanoparticles (Nb²O5 NPs) have garnered interest in recent years due to their unique electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. This article provides an in-depth review of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and potential applications of Nb²O5 NPs, emphasizing their role in advanced technologies and...