Rutile Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications Introduction Rutile titanium dioxide (TiO²) nanoparticles are a prominent form of titanium dioxide characterized by their rutile crystal structure. Rutile TiO² is one of the three main crystalline forms of TiO², alongside anatase and brookite. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, rutile TiO² nanoparticles are...